Despite Nigeria’s historical roots as a leading agricultural nation, cocoa’s contribution to the national GDP has fallen to less than 1 percent since the rise of the oil sector. However, cocoa remains a critical economic driver, accounting for up to 30 percent of non-oil export earnings and employing over 300,000 farmers. To revitalize the sector, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security has launched the One Million Improved Cocoa Seedlings Roll-Out Programme. This initiative aims to rehabilitate aging plantations across 14 states with climate-resilient seedlings, improve compliance with international sustainability standards like the EU Deforestation Regulation, and support domestic processing to capture more market value. Experts emphasize that for the program to succeed, implementation must be transparent, adequately funded, and insulated from political interference.