The Central Bank of Nigeria’s September Business Expectations report identifies multiple taxation, insecurity, and high interest rates as the primary constraints hindering business operations. Multiple taxation topped the list with an index of 67.1 points. Despite these challenges, the overall Business Confidence Index remained positive at 13.4 points. Businesses expressed optimism regarding future activity, particularly in the electricity, gas, water, and agriculture sectors, and anticipate a potential appreciation of the naira, even as borrowing costs remain a significant concern.